Nrog rau kev siv thev naus laus zis hauv kev ua tub rog hauv kev ua tub rog, qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov cuab yeej poob tau dhau los ua qhov nyuaj. Yog li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb tob thiab kev siv cov ntaub ntawv mos mos yuav tsum tau ua. Ceramic armor thiab fiber-reinforced composite cov ntaub ntawv yog ib qho tseem ceeb kev tshawb fawb thiab kev siv cov lus qhia. Ib qho kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov tshiab cov mos txwv mos mos ceramic phaj thiab aramid bulletproof composite cov ntaub ntawv yog muab, ib qho kev sib piv ntawm cov tshiab puas mos mos mos ceramic phaj thiab cov tsoos mos mos phaj yog nqa tawm, thiab nws cov yam ntxwv thiab ib co teeb meem uas tseem muaj nyob rau hauv tam sim no kev tshawb fawb thiab daim ntawv thov. soj ntsuam; lub bulletproof mechanism ntawm aramid bulletproof composite khoom yog nqa tawm. Piav kom meej thiab taw qhia cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm aramid ballistic cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw.
01
Tshiab composite ceramic bulletproof phaj
Kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhim kho thiab kev siv cov khoom siv phom sij. Lub ballistic tiv thaiv cov nyhuv ntawm ceramic armor yog superior rau qhov zoo tib yam armor steel. Tam sim no, passive armor thiab reactive armor yog feem ntau tshawb fawb thiab siv. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov mos txwv mechanism, cov khoom siv armor nyob rau hauv reactive armor yuav tsim kinetic zog tom qab tau zoo siab los ntawm cov mos txwv, thiab lub zog kinetic reacts ntawm lub mos txwv, thaum passive armor resists qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov mos txwv los ntawm nws tus kheej yam ntxwv. Niaj hnub no, Tebchaws Asmeskas, Russia thiab lwm lub tebchaws tau siv cov khoom siv ceramics thiab cov khoom siv sib xyaw los tsim cov cuab yeej cuab yeej cuab tam nrog kev ua haujlwm hnyav dua, thiab tsim cov cuab yeej ceramic, uas tau siv dav.
1.1 Bulletproof mechanism
Thaum ib lub mos txwv tsoo lub pob zeb ceramic bulletproof phaj ntawm kev kub ceev, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev quab yuam thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog siv los ua kom nws nkag mus rau hauv cov mos txwv phaj ntawm kev kub ceev thiab tom qab ntawd thaws tawm ntawm kev kub ceev nrog lub zog rov qab sab hauv, tsim ib qho kwv yees. ncig lub mos txwv qhov ntawm qhov chaw. Nws ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev rhuav tshem tsuas yog saum npoo ntawm cov phom phom phom tsis ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau tag nrho cov phom phom phom phaj, yog li ua tiav cov mos txwv.
1.2 Kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab cov phom tsis zoo
Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv ceramic yog qhia hauv Table 1.
Cov ntaub ntawv ceramic muaj qhov tshwj xeeb nruj, siab tshwj xeeb lub zog thiab tshuaj lom neeg inertness hauv ntau qhov chaw. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv qhov ntom ntom qis, siab tawv thiab muaj zog compressive ntau sib piv rau cov hlau ua rau lawv tau siv dav. Kev siab dawb huv txhuas muaj ntau dua ntom ntom, qis dua hardness thiab bacture toughness, yog li nws txoj kev tiv thaiv Elastic yog qis dua; Cov qauv ntawm silicon carbide ceramics ua rau nws muaj zog, siab hardness, hnav tsis kam, corrosion kuj, siab thermal conductivity thiab lwm yam khoom; Titanium diboride muaj lub siab elastic modulus; boron carbide muaj lub siab melting point, zoo heev hardness thiab mechanical zog, thiab nws qhov ntom yog qhov qis tshaj ntawm ntau cov khoom siv ceramic. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub elastic modulus yog siab, ua rau nws yog ib qho zoo tagnrho xaiv rau cov tub rog armor. thiab kev xaiv zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv qhov chaw.
Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw yog qhia hauv Table 2.
Ntxiv nrog rau qhov muaj qee qhov modulus, cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj cov phom sij yuav tsum muaj qhov zoo elongation, tawg toughness, siab tshwj xeeb lub zog thiab muaj peev xwm tswj tau qhov kev ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv cov nqi sib txawv. E-iav muaj lub zog siab tensile muaj zog tab sis tsis zoo nruj, Thaum Kevlar cov khoom muaj tsawg, muaj zog ua kom muaj zog, thiab yog ib qho yooj yim rau cov txheej txheem thiab daim ntawv. Boron muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov tsawg ntom ntom, siab tshwj xeeb lub zog thiab siab elastic modulus.
1.3 Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib xyaw ua ke tshiab
Cov khoom siv tshiab ceramic bulletproof panels muaj qhov sib piv tsis tau zoo dua li cov tsoos mos mos panels. Saib Table 3 rau kev sib piv tshwj xeeb.
(1) tuaj yeem tiv taus ntau lub mos txwv.Cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov cuam tshuam tsis tu ncua ntawm ntau cov mos txwv ntawm tib qhov chaw tib lub sijhawm yam tsis muaj tag nrho raug tawg. Nws tsuas yog tsim kwv yees li cov mos txwv lub qhov ntawm qhov chaw yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam cov phom sij ntawm lwm qhov ntawm cov khoom.
(2) Nws muaj kev tsim qauv zoo.Composite ceramic daim hlau tuaj yeem tsim khoov deformation ntawm cov ces kaum sib xws, thiab tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau lawv cov duab qub tom qab deformation. Lawv tuaj yeem tsim los ua cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ceramic hauv ntau yam duab xws li tiaj tus, nkhaus thiab inclined nto.
(3) tuaj yeem kho thiab rov siv dua.Tom qab raug ntaus los ntawm ib lub mos txwv, lub voj voog lub qhov ntawm qhov chaw tuaj yeem sau nrog cov mos txwv lub cev ceramic thiab rov ua dua nrog cov nplaum nplaum kom rov ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom qub.
(4) Kev ntseeg siab hauv kev siv.Cov khoom siv no tau siv dav hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua haujlwm siab, UHWMPE daim hlau thiab TC4 daim hlau, ua rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo dua li cov ntaub ntawv ib leeg, thiab tuaj yeem thaiv ntau yam kev qhia ntawm rab yaj phom thiab lwm yam me me thiab nruab nrab-caliber penetrating foob pob.
(5) Cov thev naus laus zis muaj kev loj hlob thiab muaj zog tsim qauv.Cov khoom siv no twb muaj cov txheej txheem tsim khoom loj thiab tuaj yeem tsim raws li tus neeg xav tau raws li qhov xav tau tiag tiag kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau sib txawv.
1.4 Teeb meem nrog cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj tam sim no
Txij li cov ntaub ntawv tsis sib haum xeeb yog tsim los ntawm ntau yam ntaub ntawv, qhov tsis sib xws, anisotropy, txoj kev sib raug zoo, cov txheej txheem tsis ua haujlwm, thiab cov txheej txheem muaj zog ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw thiab lawv cov qauv. cov yam ntxwv, yog li ua kom qhov nyuaj thiab nyuaj ntawm kev tsom xam, suav, kuaj thiab tsim cov khoom sib xyaw, lawv cov qauv thiab kev tiv thaiv mechanisms. Txog rau tam sim no, cov ntaub ntawv tsis sib xws tseem muaj cov teeb meem hauv qab no.
(1) Kev nqus tsis txaus.Lub zog tsis muaj zog ntawm cov khoom siv phom sij thaum siv yuav ua rau poob rau cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov cuab yeej cuab tam, thiab lub zog puas tsuaj ntawm riam phom kuj yuav nce ntxiv nrog rau kev txhim kho riam phom. Yog li ntawd, yav tom ntej kev tshawb fawb thiab daim ntawv thov yuav tsum tsom mus rau kev txhim kho cov mos txwv kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv no nam. .
(2) Qhov hnyav tsis yog lub teeb txaus.Qhov hnyav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis sib haum yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm seb lawv puas tuaj yeem txhawb nqa thiab siv. Yog li ntawd, qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom siv phom phom sib xyaw yuav tsum raug txo kom ntau li ntau tau thaum ua kom cov mos txwv tsis zoo.
(3) Ua kom muaj zog thiab ua kom muaj kev sib cav sib ceg.Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov mos txwv cov ntaub ntawv ceramic composite, qhov kev sib cav no feem ntau nyuaj rau kov yeej. Ntxiv qee cov ntaub ntawv toughening rau ballistic-proof composite cov ntaub ntawv yuav txo tau lub zog ntawm cov khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv tau nce, lub toughness ntawm cov khoom yuav raug txo. Yog li ntawd, ntau qhov kev ntsuam xyuas yuav tsum tau ua kom pom qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub zog thiab toughness ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ballistic. .
(4) Hais txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw, suav nrog lub cev, tshuaj, tshuaj thiab lwm yam khoom siv, cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw tuaj yeem sib xyaw ua ke ntau yam ntxwv los muab kev tiv thaiv zoo dua.
Tsis tas li ntawd, kuj tseem muaj teeb meem xws li interface thiab nqi, uas tsis tau daws tag nrho.
02
Aramid bulletproof composite khoom
2.1 Bulletproof mechanism
Thaum cov khoom siv phom fiber ntau raug cuam tshuam rau lub zog, nws yuav ncab thiab deform. Lub zog nqus los ntawm fiber ntau yuav dhau los ua cov haujlwm xav tau rau nws qhov deformation. Kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua rau nws qhov tensile deformation thiab tawg yog lub zog tawg, tseem hu ua kev ua haujlwm ntawm pob txha. , lub zog tawg ntawm cov fiber ntau muaj feem xyuam nrog cov fibers uas koom nrog tensile deformation tawg. Lub parameter uas ntsuas cov khoom tiv thaiv ballistic ntawm fibers yog fiber ntau lub zog nqus tus nqi (tawg zog ib chav tsev loj ntawm fiber).
Thaum cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj fiber ntau raug cuam tshuam los ntawm kev cuam tshuam sab nraud, qhov kev ntxhov siab ntev uas tsim los ntawm kev cuam tshuam yuav nthuav tawm sai sai rau txhua qhov kev qhia hauv cov khoom siv fiber ntau, ua rau "kev poob siab" (piv txwv li, suab yoj). Qhov ceev ntawm lub suab nyob rau hauv fiber ntau mos txwv cov ntaub ntawv yuav cuam tshuam lub instantaneous diffusion ntawm lub zog, uas txiav txim siab npaum li cas ntawm fibers koom nyob rau hauv lub zog nqus, yog li cuam tshuam rau cov mos txwv cov nyhuv ntawm cov khoom. Yog li ntawd, qhov ceev ntawm lub suab nyob rau hauv lub fiber yog lwm qhov tseem ceeb parameter uas cuam tshuam rau ballistic kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov fiber.
Cov duab ntawm fibers nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv mos mos muaj xws li ncaj thiab nkhaus. Yog hais tias lub fiber ntau ntawm cov khoom yog ncaj, lub zog yuav propagate raws axial kev taw qhia ntawm lub fiber yam tsis muaj kev xav, thiab lub zog yuav kis tau deb thiab ceev; Yog tias cov duab fiber ntau yog nkhaus, lossis cov fiber ntau Yog tias muaj qhov tawg ntawm cov fiber ntau, cov ntsiab lus khoov lossis tawg hauv cov fiber ntau yuav cuam tshuam txog ib feem ntawm lub zog, txo qhov nrawm nrawm, thiab cov mos txwv ntawm cov khoom yuav raug txo. . Nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias cov mos txwv tsis zoo ntawm fiber ntau ob-seem ob-dimensional daim ntaub yuav zoo dua li ntawm daim ntaub dawb.
Kev hloov pauv ntawm lub zog feem ntau yog nrog kev sib cuag ntawm fibers hauv tib txheej los yog nruab nrab ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg. Thaum lub sij hawm sib kis ntawm lub zog cuam tshuam, lub zog xav tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev sib tshuam ntawm txhua yam ntaub ntawv, thiab cov xwm txheej muaj ntau haiv neeg thiab nyuaj. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev nthuav tawm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev cuam tshuam lub zog yog diffusion raws cov axis fiber ntau.
2.2 Cov khoom tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm aramid mos txwv cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw
Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis sib xws yog feem ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm cov qauv thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom siv matrix, cov khoom ntawm cov khoom siv fiber ntau, txoj kev weaving thiab txheej txheem ntawm cov fiber ntau.
2.2.1 Cov nyhuv ntawm matrix resin modulus ntawm ballistic zog ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw
Vim tias qis-modulus matrix resin muaj cov khoom damping zoo thiab yog qhov tsim nyog rau lub zog nqus, laminates ua los ntawm cov khoom siv qis-modulus matrix resin muaj cov mos txwv zoo dua li cov high-modulus matrix resin.
2.2.2 Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm matrix resin cov ntsiab lus ntawm ballistic zog ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm matrix resin muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb heev rau cov khoom sib txuas ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw. Kev nce cov fiber ntau cov ntsiab lus hauv cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw yuav txhim kho cov khoom ballistic, tab sis yog tias cov ntsiab lus fiber ntau siab dhau lawm, cov khoom ballistic yuav txo qis. Vim hais tias cov matrix resin hauv cov khoom sib xyaw tuaj yeem xa cov kev ntxhov siab hauv chav tsev, tab sis yog tias cov ntsiab lus fiber ntau siab dhau lawm, cov ntsiab lus matrix hauv cov khoom sib xyaw yuav tsawg dhau, uas ua rau txo qis hauv kev sib txuas ntawm cov resin thiab cov fiber ntau thiab nruab nrab ntawm cov fiber ntau thiab cov fiber ntau, yog li cuam tshuam rau kev ncaj ncees ntawm lub laminate, cov khoom elastic ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw kuj yuav txo qis. Fiber ntim cov ntsiab lus hais txog qhov feem pua ntawm fiber ntau hauv cov ntaub rau tag nrho cov ntim ntawm cov ntaub, uas tuaj yeem hloov mus rau hauv qhov chaw ntom ntom. Thaj tsam ntom yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov tseeb ntawm cov neeg nqa khoom ntawm cov ntoo. Yog tias nws tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj kev tiv thaiv, qhov ntom ntom ntawm thaj chaw yuav tsum tsawg npaum li qhov ua tau thaum tsim thiab siv, kom tus nqi thiab qhov hnyav tuaj yeem txo qis heev.
2.2.3 Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm laminate cheeb tsam ceev ntawm laminate ballistic kev ua tau zoo
Yuav muaj kev nyiam rau cov fibers kom plam thaum projectiles nkag mus rau hauv lub laminate, thiab qee cov fibers yuav tsis tuaj yeem txo qhov projectile nkag. Yog hais tias kev ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom nti, nqus tau lub zog ntawm lub laminate yuav nce ntxiv, qhia tias nws lub ballistic tiv taus nrog nce hauv kev ua haujlwm ntom ntom ntom ntom. Lub ballistic kev ua tau zoo ntawm weft-dawb laminate yog zoo dua li ntawm lub tiaj weave laminate.
2.2.4 Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm fiber ntau cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm cov laminates
Piv nrog rau satin thiab cov ntaub dawb weave fabrics, ob-dimensional ob-dimensional fabrics muaj qhov qis tshaj ntawm kev ua thiab qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm fiber ntau zog. Cov fibers ntawm cov ntaub yuav raug teem nyob rau hauv parallel nyob rau hauv txoj kab ncaj nraim, nrog rau qhov loj tshaj plaws lub zog tuav tus nqi. Txij li thaum tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus sib tshooj ncaj qha ntawm cov fibers, qhov shrinkage tus nqi yog xoom, uas txo cov kev xav ntawm cov strain nthwv dej thiab tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov ntsiab lus hauv zos thaum qhov projectiles cuam tshuam. Yog li ntawd, lub rupture absorption lub zog ntawm ob-dimensional ob-dimensional ntaub yog siab. Vim hais tias cov qauv ntaub ntawm ob-dimensional ob-dimensional ntaub yog xoob, nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau lub zog nqus, ua rau nws qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws.
2.2.5 Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm lub ballistic zog ntawm laminates
Tsawg ntov ntom Fabrics muaj cov pob khoom ballistic zoo dua. Lub ballistic tsis kam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov braided threads siv rau cov fibers hauv cov khoom, cov ntaub weave, tus naj npawb ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm txhua txheej, thiab kev npaj ntawm fibers. Nyob rau hauv ib tug muab qhov hnyav, lub thinner thiab tighter lub braid thiab ntau cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg cov khoom muaj, qhov zoo dua ntawm cov khoom ballistic zog yuav. Thaum qhov ntom ntom ntawm cov khoom siv ballistic tsis tu ncua, cov ntaub nrog ntau txheej thiab me me ib qhov ntom ntom yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev txhim kho qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm fiber ntau nws tus kheej kuj tseem yuav txhim kho lub ballistic tsis kam ntawm cov khoom.
03
Daim ntawv thov thiab kev txhim kho Trends
Advanced ballistic-resistant composite cov ntaub ntawv muaj lub zog tshwj xeeb, tshwj xeeb modulus, tsim thiab ntau yam, thiab yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv ntau daim ntawv thov tub rog. Lawv yog cov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim thiab thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv tus kheej thiab cov cuab yeej cuab tam thiab cov cuab yeej cuab tam. Yog li ntawd, rau ib lub koom haum, yog tias nws tuaj yeem nkag mus rau qhov kev tshawb fawb thiab daim ntawv thov no thiab dhau los ua tus neeg tsim khoom tsim nyog ntawm qee yam khoom, nws yuav yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib raug zoo thiab kev lag luam.
Cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw muaj kev ua tau zoo vim tias lawv muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov khoom siv ntxiv thiab cov matrices. Lawv kuj yog cov loj hlob sai tshaj plaws thiab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj zoo tshaj plaws. Bulletproof cov ntaub ntawv yog maj mam txhim kho mus rau hauv ntau haiv neeg thiab compounding, thiab ntau yam tshiab bulletproof ntaub ntawv nrog siab hardness thiab siab toughness tau tshwm sim los daws cov teeb meem kev tiv thaiv ntau. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub teeb yuag thiab ua tau zoo armor systems, qhov zoo ntawm bulletproof ceramics thiab fiber-reinforced bulletproof composite cov ntaub ntawv tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab uas muaj cov mos txwv tsis sib xws muaj qhov zoo sib xws nrog cov tsoos bulletproof panels, tab sis cov teeb meem uas twb muaj lawm tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej, yog li peb tsom ntsoov rau txhawm rau daws cov teeb meem uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tsis sib xws, kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm cov khoom siv yog qhov kev tshawb fawb tam sim no.
