Kev lag luam aerospace yog kev vam meej thiab yuav dhau los ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm tib neeg lub neej yav tom ntej. Cov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws tam sim no rau cov ntaub ntawv tshiab siv hauv daim teb no tau cuam tshuam hauv International Chaw Nres Nkoj Thoob Ntiaj Teb (ISS) thiab satellites ua haujlwm rau lub ntiaj teb thiab pib taug kev mus rau hauv lub hnub ci. Qee cov ntaub ntawv yog hloov tau rau lub tshuab nqus tsev ntau dua li lwm tus.
ALUMINIUM
Tej zaum qhov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws ntawm aluminium yog tias nws yog ob qho tib si ruaj khov thiab hnyav heev. Aluminium nws tus kheej tsis ruaj txaus siv rau hauv qhov chaw, tab sis nws yog cov khoom siv ntau tshaj plaws siv hauv kev tsim cov alloys rau qhov chaw. Ntxiv aluminium yog vim nws tuaj yeem txo qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom tiav yam tsis muaj lub zog ntau dhau. Piv txwv li, astronauts siv aluminium louvers ntawm International Space Station los tiv thaiv lub chaw nres tsheb los ntawm ya qhov chaw khib nyiab.
Titanium thiab titanium alloys
Titanium yog cov hlau hnyav siv hauv dav hlau dav hlau thiab tuaj yeem siv ib leeg lossis ua rau hauv cov khoom siv hlau. Titanium yog dav siv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas twb muaj lawm infrastructure nyob rau hauv lub International Chaw Chaw Chaw thiab satellites. Lub etched ntshiab titanium phaj los ntawm Rosetta Project yog tam sim no ntsia sab nraum International Chaw Chaw Chaw, muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov lus. Titanium tuaj yeem tiv taus huab cua hauv qhov chaw, suav nrog kev hloov pauv kub, cosmic thiab hnub ci hluav taws xob.
Cov khoom siv carbon carbon composite
Cov khoom no, tseem hu ua RCC, yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv US qhov chaw shuttle program. Nws npog ib qho chaw tseem ceeb ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw shuttle tis thiab tiv taus cua sov thaum rov nkag mus rau hauv huab cua. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ua haujlwm yog zoo li lub tsheb radiator complex, tso cua sov. Nws tau muab tso rau txhua qhov chaw uas huab cua kub tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub dav hlau thiab hloov cov cua sov kom deb ntawm qhov chaw rhiab heev ntawm lub dav hlau. RCC yog lub teeb yuag, tab sis kuj tsis yooj yim heev. Thaum lub sij hawm tso tawm ntawm qhov chaw shuttle Columbia, ib daim ntawm polyurethane ua npuas ncauj rwb thaiv tsev cov ntaub ntawv uas poob tawm ntawm sab nraud roj tank ua rau ib feem puas ntawm cov khoom rwb thaiv tsev, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj tshwm sim uas tua xya tus neeg ua haujlwm. Lub X-37 tub rog qhov chaw shuttle thiab Dreamchaser tau siv ntau dua ntawm RCC hu ua TUFROC (luv luv rau Toughened Single Chip Fiber Reinforced Antioxidant Composite).
Kevlar
Kevlar fiber yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm qhov chaw. Raws li paub zoo, nws yog siv los tsim cov khaub ncaws ruaj khov. Cov tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm cov koom haum siv Kevlar fiber ntau vests los tiv thaiv cov tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm los ntawm cov mos txwv raug mob. Ib yam li nws tuaj yeem thaiv cov mos txwv, Kevlar fibers hauv qhov chaw tuaj yeem tiv thaiv satellites, lub dav hlau dav hlau, thiab Chaw Nres Nkoj Thoob Ntiaj Teb los ntawm cov khib nyiab ntab thiab qhov chaw khib nyiab hauv ntiaj teb orbit. Kevlar fiber ntau yog lub teeb yuag thiab ruaj khov, muaj peev xwm tiv taus cua sov thiab txias txias yam tsis muaj deformation.
Insulated iav
Lub qhov rais ntawm International Space Station, Dragon spacecraft, thiab lwm yam manned spacecraft yog ua los ntawm cov iav kub-resistant. Cov iav zoo tib yam yuav tawg rau hauv qhov chaw ib puag ncig thiab tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev xa tawm lossis dhau los ntawm huab cua. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov iav kub-resistant ua kom nws tiv taus qhov hloov pauv tsis tu ncua ntawm lub dav hlau nkag mus thiab tawm hauv qhov chaw. Nws tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias heev yam tsis muaj kev tawg lossis tawg.
Silica daim ntaub thiab airgel
Rau thaj chaw ntawm lub dav hlau uas xav tau kev hloov pauv ntau dua, cov ntaub silicon feem ntau yog siv. Piv txwv li, thaj tsam ib ncig ntawm lub tsaws iav ntawm US chaw shuttle siv silicon daim ntaub. Txawm hais tias nws tsis yog cov khoom siv ruaj khov tshaj plaws, nws tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kev sim hnyav ntawm qhov chaw mus ncig yam tsis muaj kev tawg. Airgel tau siv nyob rau hauv lub chaw shuttle ntawm lub tebchaws United States thiab tam sim no siv nyob rau hauv NASA lub Mars probes, nrog rau kev xav thiab kev mob siab rau. Cov qauv tshuaj ntawm airgel zoo ib yam li iav. Nws cov pores muaj roj lossis cua ntau dua li cov kua. Ib qhov pore tsawg dua ib puas txhiab ntawm txoj kab uas hla ntawm tib neeg cov plaub hau, tsuas yog ob peb nanometers. Lub nano ntxeem tau xwm ntawm silicon airgel ua rau cov khoom muaj qhov qis tshaj thermal conductivity nyob rau hauv paub cov khib nyiab.
